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[Music]

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thanks for the organizer for letting me

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give you talk to a sir yesterday so I

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think all to the a couple times the

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steady guy so that kind of tells me that

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I cannot give you any details

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so put any specifics that you have I can

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have the answer for you the question

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session or later all right so I'm

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finishing my PhD in the Netherlands and

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I'm moving to Berkeley to my postdoc

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part of this group their breakthrough

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Singh group so we tell you today about

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the search for interest for intelligent

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life outside the earth if we actually

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have here some always so this is my kind

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of introduction I had three parts for

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this talk so I'm going to give you some

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introduction of Seti a I'll tell you

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about the regulation program part off

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and also I want to tell you about a

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little bit of other things that I'm

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interested on which are also part of

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astrobiology which kind of ties into

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with our stuff as well ok so what is

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setting SETI stands for search for

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terrestrial intelligence and kind of way

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to think about it is so you have slowly

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here you have communication technology

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of many kinds and kind of series kind of

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somewhere there and I like to start this

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introduction by asking a question and

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this is how common is intelligent life

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in our galaxy cuz nobody knows the

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answer to that but you probably have

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seen this before this is the Drake

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Equation and instead of an equation is

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more of a guide to help you think about

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this question so what kind of

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ingredients you need or what were the

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requirements to have in daily in life

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somewhere else that we can actually

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detect so you have is going to go into

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the next slide so the first two

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parameters we have here it's the how

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many of the

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stars from our Milky Way how many of

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those what is a fraction of those I have

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planets and of those what is the

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fraction that you have a planet in what

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is called a habitable zone so that you

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can actually have like that

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so from Kepler we know that basically

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every star up there when you look at the

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night sky every star you see has a

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planet much likely and we also see that

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there are lots of them that have planets

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in the habitable zone so you have your

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start here you have red area which is

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too warm to be the blue area to be which

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is too cold and you know the green where

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it's a perfect to have liquid water

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basically so then we can see that these

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two terms are are hinting to have are

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telling us that all these these two are

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common but about the what about the

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other parameters in this equation so you

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have all of the fraction of planets that

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you have around that are in a habitable

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zone how many of those actually have

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life how many of those will create

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intelligent life how many of those

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actually create a civilization and L

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stands for the length of that

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civilization so let's start to think a

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little bit about that so I'm glad that I

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actually gave a talk today not yesterday

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because well we have covered a little

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bit of this today and so there are some

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hints that maybe life well I guess the

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building blocks of life might be out

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there everywhere we also know that life

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seems to be resilient here on earth and

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giving cosmological times we can think

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well we have prolly enough time to

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evolve into something that isn't alien

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but at the end we don't really have any

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constraints on this we don't really know

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so what you can say is that at the end

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of the a is equally likely completely

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equally likely that we are the only

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civilization in the galaxy or there are

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thousands of them we use a known but as

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scroll second set and we don't really

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have models to do this right so the only

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way that we can fear this out is by

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making an experiment so in SETI when

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you're looking for intelligent life

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you're not looking for pretty smart

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dolphins or chimpanzees what you're

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looking for is for technology and we're

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using technology as a proxy for

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intelligence so in this case these are

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examples of that so in specific in

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technology I mean using what we use for

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communication which is the

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electromagnetic spectrum so we have

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radio radio antennas or radars and but

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also we have lasers right and so all

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these are possibilities that that you

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can basically communicate through space

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and from the surface of the air so this

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upload right here shows basically

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wavelength the opacity or the atmosphere

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so you can see there are some windows

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here where we actually can observe what

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is out there so this is the optical when

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we can see the stars with your eyes we

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also have radio and infrared so at this

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moment most of the SETI work has been

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done in the radio but there are actually

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a few that has been done special in

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optical and a few that are starting to

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do in in the infrared so he's going to

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show you a little bit video here to help

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us think about these three ideas and how

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to find a civilization other so in my

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name is ISA galaxy this is a milky way

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so in mind you have a planet somewhere

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which is in the right spot you have

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there it has life it creates intelligent

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life it creates technology and it starts

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sending radio signals then at some point

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in my years I off well you will see then

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the galaxy is that you have these

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bubbles of radiation of electromagnetic

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radiation and here on earth that's where

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we

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and at some point you will start

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receiving the signal from all these

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bubbles out there and I is going back to

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this picture you can see that the

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technics

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the thickness of these bubbles basically

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reflect the length of this civilization

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for how long they have live and

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basically this tells you that at some

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point they became extinct so I think

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this is very relevant currently for our

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state of our own civilization it's

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something to keep in mind right and I

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guess the other thing that I want to

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show here is that so earth should be is

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over there you may you can see that it's

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like a point or maybe the laser so that

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will tell you the extent for which we

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have conducted set experiments so we

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have only search stars which will be

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around that laser so there's lots of

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stars to to search for so what kind of

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signals are we looking for so this is

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actually a real signal artificial signal

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that is coming from outside the solar

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system I know that is artificial because

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you have frequency here this is radio

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and you have these very strong lines

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here it's artificial because they are

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very narrow the nature doesn't know how

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to produce these kind of lines measures

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are the narrows kind of things that

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nature could produce and those are tough

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so sometimes where that is so I know

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that this is artificial unfortunately I

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know - that is the Voyager 1 spacecraft

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so it's terrestrial I mean man-made I

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guess and but this kind of gives you an

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example of what kind of signatures are

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we looking for in our data we're doing

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this well I should give you an example

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so how sensitive we are Voyager has a 4

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watt transmitter 40 watt sorry so

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basically the

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say you know the light bulb in your

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fridge and we're able to detect that

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even though it's outside the solar

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system now very strongly with this

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telescope which is actually very close

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from here is the Green Bank telescope

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and some of the some of you this weekend

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probably saw it and you know just for

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reference you can see that they the size

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of the trees nearby it's pretty large

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largest of this kind so kind of looking

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at the future land so here this is plug

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you have okay wavelength or frequency

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where you want and this basically tells

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you the sensitivity and the green line

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here tells you about gbt the ribbon

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telescope and these are basically our

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telescopes this line right here the

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dollar line that represents the

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strongest transmitter radio transmitter

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that we have currently which is the

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Arecibo planetary radar so if you put

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that at a distance of 50 light-years you

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can detect it now in the future with the

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SK the Square Kilometre Array you were

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able to detect much fainter signals like

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a basically radar from a airport it's

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kind of a video here I'll just skip

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through so this is the sky kilometer

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array and basically idea here is that

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once in a couple of years once this is

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finished building we will be able we

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will be sensitive enough to have a for

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the first time enough sensitivity to

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look of a large volume of stars and to

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start to answer in this question in a

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very sadistic 'el way so I'm very

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excited about that and stay tuned for

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that it's kind of finishing my

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introduction here so as I was saying

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before SETI is a search for strategy

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structure level intelligence and usually

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people confuse set it with the SETI

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Institute which is very famous but it's

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not at I'm part of what is called the

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Berkeley series Research Center at UC

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Berkeley and there are other SETI

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institutions are they're much smaller

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but well we're so much people in general

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is a small field this is a group in

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Berkeley something that you can see

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right away is that one wheat half of the

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population that is not contributing to

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this work so please come and join us men

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cannot do it by itself okay

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so now I'm going to tell you about the

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breakthrough listen this is a project I

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saw a couple years ago by the

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contribution of one hundred million

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dollars for spread of ten years this is

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the largest project ever

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this is yuri milner he was one the

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contributor for this and you can see

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some famous people here this is Frank

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Drake actually which from the Drake

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Equation and you can see how large this

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project is just by looking at the number

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of people in the world Advisors this all

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were well-known scientist so very

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basically I can tell you is that we're

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using the most sensitive radio

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telescopes in there in the world at the

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moment so the Green Man telescope for

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the Northern Hemisphere and the Parkes

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telescope for science fear at the moment

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we're hopefully adding more telescopes

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in the future but stay tuned quickly I

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will tell you that so this project has

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lost two projects between in the middle

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I guess a word in the future we want to

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observe nearby galaxies as well as say

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the the plane of the Milky Way

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for now we're concentrating and at a set

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of targets of the closest stars so for

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that we use submit a paper months ago on

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the first observations for the first

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year where we concentrate on a subset of

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frequencies here within one and two

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gigahertz where we were looking at 700

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stars all of them are nearby they are

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spread all over the northern hemisphere

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and I guess one difference from our work

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and other study earlier cell experiments

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is that they were concentrating

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concentrate their force earlier on only

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solar-type stars because we didn't know

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better but now we know that

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- basically can exist in all kinds of

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stars and they all have an a habitable

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zone so trying to remove the interpose

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center point of view as much as possible

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we're then observing all kinds of stars

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very quickly I'll tell you that we have

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a lot of data we constructed a lot these

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are hundreds of computers that were

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using here in a green bag servitor II

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and without going much the results we

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basically found some interesting

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candidates but at the end we realize we

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fear out those were from nearby

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satellites so but if you don't like my

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conclusion that we didn't find it t

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there are lots of other conclusions that

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you can find online from this is

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worthless you guys doing and you

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actually finally choose your best you

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prefer option you kind enough to

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finalize some other way that you can use

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these data

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I mean we're observing bunch of stars

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and stars tend to do crazy things so

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this is the Sun here this is a what is

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called aa but basically a flare up from

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the star from from the Sun you can see

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this is the wide circle represents the

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sides of the Sun so you can see how much

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bigger this is these also emits in the

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radio and we can detect that also

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Jupiter here has Aurora which also emits

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in the radio and we can detect that some

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work now it's been detecting radio

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emission from other stars and branders

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as well so the reason why this is

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important is because so we know as I was

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saying earlier this is a habitable zone

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this green here

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shape and depending on the size of the

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planet I mean of the star the larger

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star the more bright you are and the

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more the harder you are so they have it

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also on campus away from that star but

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this is not the end of the story right

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so

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earth it seems that you need a magnetic

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field surrounding your planet to protect

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you from crazy things coming from your

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host star so that's something that we

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also want to do with this data in the

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future so maybe next year I'll tell you

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more about this there are a lot of

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things that I didn't tell you about from

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the break listened initiative we have an

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REU program so you have any undergrads

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interested on this please let me know

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yeah many other things but you can all

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the obvious questions or you can also go

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to our website and we actually have a

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monthly collaborative meeting where we

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basically gathering a lot of a lot of

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people it's happening tonight at 2:00

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a.m. we're kind of shifting schedule so

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like everyone from the world can join

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but yeah you're awake and not too

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intoxicated maybe you want to join yeah

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thanks all right got time for one

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question hi I was wondering if you could

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give some feedback of what Europe you

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might be about the WoW signal some

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decades ago and also tabi star right

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yeah very interesting

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Thanks ah so the WoW signal I haven't

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looked very deep on it but what I can

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tell you is that most of the SETI

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community at the moment on belief that

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is absurd

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that is muscle ascetic community don't

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believe that is a real signal the reason

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was that we are going too much into

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details you were observing - I don't

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know if this I don't know if you're

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ready astronomer or not if this will

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make sense or not basically the signal

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even though appear once they never saw

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it again

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not even in a following observation

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basically a few minutes later so there

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is a lot of once you find a signal

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you really want to find it again and

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again and I just one telescope with

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multiple telescopes and then you can

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start believing that this comes from

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actually that location otherwise there

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are so many our we call a radio

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frequency interference coming from earth

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that is very hard to remove otherwise

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about Taavi star we actually have been

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doing observations of that so but also

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know don't know what TV star is so this

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is a very interesting star which I wish

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I have time to talk to you about it

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which the source of all talk but it has

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a was the score by Kepler and has very

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strong tips on their entrepreneur's and

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usually these tips are related to

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planets going in front of the stars or

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in this case these tips are very large

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and they're very weird they're not the

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usual type so astronomers have been

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stretching their heads for more than a

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year really trying to figure out why

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this is coming from still under heavy

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debate there has been a very recent

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event another dip happening basically

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two weeks well last weekend the weekend

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before that so it is very very nice very

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hot topic a lot of telescopes were

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you're see rectly looking at it so I

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suspect many news in the next following

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weeks on this so yeah alright let's